Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

Role of Sulpiride Administration in Sperm Quality and Relationship to Male Fertility and In Vitro Fertilization Embryonic Development

Aram Ahmadi

Background: Male fertility depends on the proper function of a complex system of organs which plays an important role in spermatogenesis. In this study the effects of sulpiride-administration were assessed by means of sperm parameters and in vitro fertilization potential.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study thirty adult male mice were divided into 3 groups as test, control-sham and control. The test group were injected with 40 mg/kg sulpiride solution daily for 45 days IP. Sham mice were injected by solvent only. After 45 days, all mice were dispatched by cervical dislocation consequence of unconsciousness. Cauda epididymis were used to collect sperm cells and assess their motility, viability and DNA integrity. The rate of in vitro fertilization and embryonic development were also examined.

Results: In comparison with sham and control groups, sperm motility and viability rate showed a significant reduction in the sulpiride-administered animals. Rate of DNA damage increased which gives rise to a remarkable reduction of fertilization rate, zygote division, blastocysts number, and significant increase of arrested embryos in sulpiride treated mice (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Data suggest that following sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia, induction of spermatogenesis dysfunction, causes low sperm quality that accompanies a significant lower fertility potential and embryonic development in comparison with the sham and control groups.

The Comparison Between Big Five Personality and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients with Celiac and Normal People

Alireza Saliminia

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated inflammation of the small intestine which caused by sensitivity to dietary gluten and related proteins in genetically sensitive individuals. This research aimed to investigate of comparison big five factors of personality and early maladaptive schemas among celiac people and normal people.

Materials and Methods: The research method was ex post facto and statistical population included all people with Celiac whose 108 patients were selected by convenient sampling and 108 normal people were selected by convenient in 4 universities of nursing, psychological, literature and accounting of Azad University in Karaj city. Both groups responded brief five factors questionnaire of NEO personality characteristics and Yang’s early maladaptive schemas. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test, analysis of variance and Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Ben Frooni test, Landa test Wickelz and SPSS version 19.

Results: Results indicated that from five main factors of personality, score of psycho -lesion of patient with celiac were more than normal people. Also, patient’s scores in early maladaptive schemas (emotional baffling, lack of trust, fault/shameless, social recluse/ strangeness, attachment/inefficiency, vulnerability toward loss or sickness, not self –maturing/ engaged, failure, fitness/modesty, self-denial, insufficient self-discipline, servitude, self –sacrifice/ aggressive criteria, extreme criticize and emotional inhibition) were higher in comparison with normal people.

Conclusion: This study revealed that according to influence of early maladaptive schemas on celiac sickness, psychological training courses and schema therapy in order to improve emotional and cognitive patterns of these patients.

Association Between Atorvastatin Therapy and Reduction in Pacemaker Peak Threshold in Patient with Permanent Pacemaker

Valiollah Khadir Srabiany

Background: Statins are the most effective drugs for treatment of elevated level of cholesterol. In addition, they exhibit other effects unrelated to their lipid lowering effects (pleiotropic actions). In recent years, experimental and clinical evidences demonstrate that statins exert anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is evaluation of association Atorvastatin in reduction of peak threshold in patients with permanent pacemaker.

Materials and Methods: In these clinical trial 64 eligible patients that candidate for permanent pacemaker enrolled. After in formed consent patients randomly divided to two equal groups. In first group atorvastatin 20 mg/daily administered orally for six weeks and second group considered as control. Peak atrial and ventricular threshold were measured in beginning of study and in sixth week. The data collected and analyzed and p<0.05 considered statistically meaning full.

Results: from 32 subjects in Atorvastatin group 17 (53.12%) were male and 15(46.87%) were female. Average mean age in Atorvastatin and control group was 72.43±17.27 and 68.59 ±10.98 years, respectively. No difference showed in atrial and ventricular threshold in two groups at beginning of study. At end of study atrial threshold in atorvastatin and control group were 0.55±0.23 and 0.45±0.19 respectively (p=0.4) and ventricular threshold in atorvastatin and and control group were 0.73±0.23 (p=0.4).

Conclusion: There is no association between atorvastatin therapy and reduction in pacemaker peak arterial and ventricular threshold.

Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Morphine Dependence in Mice in the Presence and Absence of Vitamin C

Mahnaz Kesmati

Background: With the increasing use of nanoparticles of zinc Oxide (nZnO) in the industry, the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, the effects of the nanoparticles on opioid dependence and its possible interaction with vitamin C (as an antioxidant agent) has not been indicated. This study aimed to clarify the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on morphine dependence in the presence and absence of vitamin C in CPP method.

Materials and Methods: In this study, adult male mice weighing 25±3 g were used in the groups which received different doses of morphine(2/5, 5, 10 mg/kg, Sc), Nano ZnO (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, IP), vitamin C (1, 5, 25 mg/kg, IP) and groups which receiving combination of vitamin C and nano ZnO. All categories received morphine 5 mg / kg, for induction and diagnosis of dependence in CPP.

Results: Nano ZnO concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, IP) caused a significant decrease in morphine CPP (p <0.01, p <0.001) and the 1 mg/kg of nano was ineffective. Vitamin C in doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg decreased the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (p<0.01) and a value of 1 mg/kg had no effects. All doses of ZnO in the presence of ineffective dose of vitamin C showed a stronger inhibitory effect than to alone nZnO in morphine CCP.

Conclusion: The combination of vitamin C and Nano ZnO are more effective to deal with the psychological dependence to morphin and probably can provide a new approach to addiction treatment.

Evaluation the Effect of Chlorhexidine Mouthwashe on the Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: Pathogens, Incidence and Mortality

Hadi Darvishi Khezri

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most frequent infection occurring in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a serious issue and remains a significant clinical problem for critically ill patients. The aim of this review article is to evaluate studies to conclude the best existing evidence for providing oral hygiene to intensive care unit patients receiving mechanical ventilation, determine the clinical evidence considering chlorhexidine, and to document a research to improve care interventions used for oral care in the critical patients.

Materials and Methods: Searching was performed in the databases: Sciencedirect, SID, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Springer and PubMed for accessibility to the studies carried out regarding with chlorhexidine mouthwash and ventilator-associated pneumonia between 1991 to 2014 years by using keywords: chlorhexidine mouthwash and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Results: Although oral care with chlorhexidine cause a reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, but no evidence exists on decrease of mortality in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted in the intensive care unit following its using. Conclusion: Base on this current review article can be said that protective effect of chlorhexidine mouthwash has proved in oral health and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critical patients, but unfortunately no evidence exists to the appropriate protocol for using of chlorhexidine mouthwash in these patients.

Relationship Between Menopausal Symptoms, Age, Body Mass Index and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women in a Number of Health Centers in Ahvaz in 2013

sara ziagham

Background: Menopause is a critical period in the women life which is associated with different neurophysiological and cognitive changes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between menopausal symptoms with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 165 postmenopausal women referred to health centers in Ahvaz. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaire menopausal rating symptoms (MRS), questionnaire to record demographic information and the results of experiments and measurements (blood pressure, Waist circumference). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitny in by SPSS version 19.

Results: The results showed that the overall mean of MRS in this study was 11.85±5.4. The mean of metabolic syndrome was 36±4.8 percent and we found significant association between blood pressure (p=0.04), blood sugar (p=0.02),HDL-C(p=0.02) and urogenital symptoms. But there werent significant relationship between other metabolic syndrome components and other menopausal symptoms (somatic and psychological Dimensions).

Conclusion: The relationship was observed between metabolic syndrome and urogenital symptoms, therefore, as a preventative health strategy women with urogenital complaints should examin for metabolic syndrome.

Association of Glutathione Peroxidase 1(+593C/T) Gene Polymorphism with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Guilan Province

Zivar Salehi,

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that mainly affects the peripheral joints and surrounding tissue. Genetic and environmental factors have important roles in pathogenesis. The role of oxidative stress and the enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis have been studied in these years. A predominant role in counteracting reactive oxygen spieces is played by endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and glutathion peroxidase (GPx). An alteration of CTC codon to CCC codon which results in substitution of leucine instead of proline in 198th amino acid location is one of the important polymorphisms of this gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of GPx1 gene polymorphism in patients with rheumatoid artheritis.

Materials and Methods: The case-control study included 130 patients with rheumatoid artheritis and 126 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells and the genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP). Statistical analysis was carried using the MedCalc (version 12.1).

Results: The frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotypes of GPx1gene were 32.31%, 43.08% and 24.61% respectively, in rheumatoid arthritis patients, whiles in healthy volunteers were 42.62%, 54.10% and 3.28%. Statistical results showed significant relationship between TT genotype of GPx1 gene and Rheumatoid arthritis (p=0.002, &chi2 =11.715, OR: 9.90 95% CI (2.04 to 48.01)).

Conclusion: In conclusion, these results indicate that TT genotype of GPx1 gene may be associated with the risk of rheumatoid artheritis in the studied population. However, further research is required to clarify the role of gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis.

Protective Effect of Glutamine by the Expression of HSP70 and Reduction of Cortisol on Exercise Induced Stress

Sajad Karami

Background: Heat shock proteins (HSP) can act as a cellular protection by facilitating reconstruction of denatured proteins. The aim of this study is evaluation of protective effects of glutamine consumption on HSP70 and cortisol response.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 soccer players divided into 4 groups: control (n=7), supplement (n=7), exercise (n=7) and exercise supplement (n=7). Supplements (glutamine) and placebo (Dextrin) to a 0.5 gram per kg of body weight and volume of 5 ml per kg of body weight one hour prior to the exercise protocol was used. exercise protocol include a 3-stage 20-minute run at 80% of maximum heart rate and rest 5 minutes. Blood samples of basal (after 12-14 hour overnight fasting), post exercise, and 90 minutes after exercise were gathered and HSP70 of serum and cortisol were measured with Elisa and RIA respectively. Data were analyzed with multivariate repeated measures (MANOVA) at p&le0.05 level.

Results: There was significant difference in HSP70 amounts between supplement group and exercise supplement group compared to the control group (p&le0.09, p&le0.019) and also supplement group with exercise supplement group (p&le0.032). Also there was significant difference Between post exercise and 90 min after exercise stages compared to basal stage (p&le0.08, p&le0.06) and between post exercise and 90 min after exercise (p&le0.030). In cortisol amounts between basal and 90 min after exercise stages (p&le0.026) there was significant difference.

Conclusion: Glutamine sitimulate of HSP70 induction and combination of supplement with exercise has a great HSP70 response thus athletes who wish to compete or have intense exercise, glutamine consumption is recommended.

The Impaet of Old Women Transition Experiences on Depression ,Feel Aging and Physical Changes in Rehabilitation Institute of Charity in Arak

Saeid Moosavipour

Background: According to the Erikson`s generativity vs staqnation theory this study examines the impact of old women transition experiences on depression, feel aging and physical changes in rehabilitation institute of charity in Arak.

Materials and Methods: In this quasi- experimental study, 30 elderly women living in nursing homes aged over 65 years and tested geriatric depression score of 9 and above earned were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people .one group was selected as control and the other test group. Questionnaires included: geriatric depression questionnaire, feel Aging questionnaire and physical changes. program experience with that already was set to be repeated during ten sessions on group test. finally independent and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Although ten sessions to transfer the experience were able aging feeling and depressed elderly women reduce but the decrease was not significant between the test and control groups, as well as reduced physical changes between test and control groups were not significant.

Conclusion: The lack of suitable components severely needed to establish an effective interaction model for hinder the effectiveness of the meetings was to conduct experiments requiring more study.

Effects of Aerobic Training and Noise Stress on Serotonin Plasma Level the of Wistar Rats

Amir Hosein Karimi

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of training, and noise stress on serotonin plasma level of Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: For many years, physical activity have been used for the treatment of different neuropsychological dieases. Twenty one male witar rats (9-10 weeks old and 170.82±20.57g weight) were randomly divided into three groups: the noise group (n=7), training+noise group (n=7), and the control group (n=7). The aerobic training was performed 5 days per week, for a 60-day period. The noise stress included exposure to traffic noise 5 hrs/per day over a 60-day period (range:85-110 dB).The control group was not exposed to any noise or exercise, and was kept away from the sources of stress the rats were kept under the same conditions. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and plasma serotonin concentrations were determined.For the statistical data analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used (&alpha&le0.05).

Results: Plasma serotonin concentration significantly decreased in noise groups, in comparison with the controls (21.9±2.1, vs.40.8±7.3 &mumol/m, respectively p<0.000). The plasma serotonin levels in the noise +training groups (36.2±3.1) were apparently near to the controls However, resistance training could significantly increase plasma serotonin concentration in the noise+training group rats.

Conclusion: Increased serotonin level following resistance exercises might reduced stress in subjects.