Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Marital Satisfaction and Mental Health of Women Undergoing Hysterectomy Surgery

Farangis Dehmardi

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on marital satisfaction and mental health of women undergoing hysterectomy surgery.
Methods: This research was applied in terms of objective and quantitative research, and in terms of data collection method, it was semi-experimental research with two experimental and control groups with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population consisted of all women aged 30 to 50 who underwent hysterectomy surgery in 2023 in Yazd city. In this study,
30 eligible subjects were selected by the available method, and the participants were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). For the experimental group, the treatment plan was implemented in 10 sessions of 50 minutes. Goldberg's mental health questionnaire and Inrich's marital satisfaction questionnaire were used to measure the research variables.
Results: The findings from the analysis of the covariance test showed the use of the schema therapy approach increased the marital satisfaction and mental health of women undergoing hysterectomy surgery (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusions: Therefore, the use of schema therapy sessions in medical centers for people who underwent hysterectomy surgery is suggested to reduce marital problems.

Comparison the Effect of HIIT and Resistance Training on Brain Tissue Gene Expression of AKT2 in Obese Wistar Rats

Sadegh Abbasian

Introduction: Reducing physical activity as well as consuming more calories than the body needs increases obesity and its related disorders, such as metabolic syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on brain tissue gene expression of AKT2 and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats.
Methods: 30 male rats weighing 160 to 185 grams were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. After the approval of the obesity protocol of increasing the weight of the rats, which to be more than 300 grams, the rats were divided into three groups, including the control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), as well as RT group (n = 10). Until the end, the rats continued to eat a high-fat diet. HIIT was performed for eight weeks and five sessions per week, with an intensity of 80 to 95% of maximum oxygen consumption on a treadmill. Moreover, RT was performed with an intensity of 40-60% of a maximum repetition on the ladder. After eight weeks of training interventions, the expression level of the AKT2 gene in brain tissue was measured by the real-time PCR method.
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated a significant increase in AKT2 gene expression of HIIT and RT groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results illustrated that the insulin resistance of rats in both training groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings of the present research, it could be concluded that HIIT, as well as RT interventions, probably causes an increase in AKT2 gene expression and could be effective in reducing insulin resistance and improving glucose profile.

Comparison of the effect of 8 weeks of high intensity functional training and traditional resistance training on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in active women

Mohammad Fathi

Introduction: Physical activity positively influences various physiological factors, laying the groundwork for beneficial changes. Myostatin and follistatin are among these factors, whose levels are influenced by gender and physical activity. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of traditional resistance training (RT) and high functional training (HIFT) on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in young women.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 young women were selected and divided into three groups: intense functional training, traditional resistance training, and control. Blood was drawn 24 hours before and 48 hours after the end of the interventions to measure the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin. The exercise protocols were performed for eight weeks, 3 days a week and 60 minutes a day. Ultimately, the collected data were analyzed using the ANOVA statistical method, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.
Results: The results showed that follistatin level was significantly higher in the RT and HIFT groups than in the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of follistatin in the HIFT group was considerably higher than the RT group (P = 0.01). The results showed that the level of myostatin in the RT and HIFT groups was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of this factor in the HIFT group was substantially lower than in the RT group (P = 0.01).
Conclusions: In general, the findings of the present study show that performing intense resistance and functional exercises causes a favorable change in the expression of physiological factors related to muscle growth in women. It seems that the effect of intense functional exercises is greater than resistance exercises.

Superiority of Combined Endurance-Resistance Exercise for Increasing the Molecular and Pyramidal Layers Thickness of Hippocampal Tissue in Alzheimer's Laboratory Large White Rats

Ali Heidarianpour

Introduction: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers in the hippocampus represents a pivotal aspect of Alzheimer's research. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swimming endurance, resistance, and combined exercises on the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampus tissue thickness of Alzheimer's rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 large white Wistar laboratory rats (6 weeks old; Weight 180-200 g) were randomly and equally divided into five groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control, endurance, resistance, and combined. Alzheimer's disease was induced by intraperitoneal injection of trimethyltin chloride (8 mg/kg). Two weeks after the injection and confirmation of Alzheimer's induction, the training protocols of endurance (5-sessions/week, the first to the fourth week incrementally from 5-15-min to 45-min of swimming, the fifth to the twelfth week 60-min of swimming), resistance (5-sessions/week, The first week of familiarization with the exercise, week 2; 30%, week3-5; 70-90%, week6-8; 100-110%, week9-10; 120-130%, and week11-12; 140-150% of body weight), combined (2 resistance sessions/week and three endurance sessions/week) was performed for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours post-intervention, animals were dissected, and hippocampus tissue was harvested. Finally, the data were analyzed at the significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's animals decreased compared to healthy animals, and all three endurance, resistance, and combined exercise protocols increased layers (P < 0.001). However, the increase in the molecular and pyramidal layers thickness of the hippocampal tissue of combined group rats compared to the endurance and resistance group had a greater increase (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the changes in the thickness of the hippocampal tissue layers concerning Alzheimer's pathology and the effect of combined exercises on this parameter. While exercise may have positively affected hippocampal volume and synaptic plasticity, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of exercise on hippocampal layer thickness in Alzheimer's.

The Effect of Glyphosate on Ovarian Tissue and in Vitro Maturation in Superovulated Mice

Mohamad Bayat

Introduction: Glyphosate is the most popular broad-spectrum herbicide globally due to the growing demand for glyphosate-resistant crops. Glyphosate exhibits harmful properties, including cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the detrimental effects of glyphosate on ovarian histopathology in mice and the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes following superovulation.
Methods: In this study, thirty-two female NMRI mice were randomly divided into the following groups: control, glyphosate, superovulation, and superovulation-glyphosate. Animals received glyphosate (0.5%) continuously through drinking water for three weeks. HMG and HCG were used to induce superovulation. Oocytes were collected from the ampulla, and the quantity and quality of oocytes were analyzed. Then, in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes was performed. At the end of the study, ovarian histopathology was analyzed.
Results: Compared to the control group, the glyphosate-treated group exhibited a significant decrease in secondary and Graafian follicles while demonstrating a concomitant increase in atretic follicles (P < 0.05). Additionally, the superovulation-glyphosate group showed fewer germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and MII oocytes than the superovulation group. In the superovulation-glyphosate group, there was a notable reduction in GVBD and MII oocytes following in vitro maturation (IVM).
Conclusions: Glyphosate has the potential to damage ovarian tissue and adversely affect IVM and oogenesis.

The Effectiveness of Treatment Is Based on the Mentalization of Object Relations and Feelings of Shame and Guilt in Conflicting Mother-Child Relationships

Sayed Abdollah sadat Bahreinian

Introduction: One of the problems during adolescence is the existence of conflict with parents, which creates object relationships and feelings of shame and guilt in them. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on the mentalization of object relations and feelings of shame and guilt in conflicting mother-child relationships.
Methods: This research method was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all mothers and adolescents with conflicting relationships who were referred to counseling centers in Shiraz in 2022. By using the available sampling method, 30 people from the mentioned community were selected as a sample and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Asadi et al.'s parent-child conflict questionnaires (2010), Bell's object relations (1995), and Cohen et al.'s (2011) feelings of shame and guilt were used to collect information. The experimental group underwent executive function training for 13 sessions twice a week for 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. The research data was analyzed using correlation.
Results: The mean ± standard deviation of the experimental group in the post-test in the variable of object relations from 1.5 ± 1.37 to 28.6 ± 4.3 and in the variable of shame and guilt from 5 ± 1.60 to 5.60 ± 3. 51.2 ± 9.1 decreased. The results showed that in the post-test stage, the mean scores of object relations and feelings of shame and guilt in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Treatment based on mentalization was effective in improving object relationships and reducing feelings of shame and guilt. Therefore, this treatment can be suggested to reduce the conflict between adolescents and mothers.

Conceptual Model of Improving Health Communication Capacities in Pandemic Conditions from the Point of View of Health System Experts

Sayed Hossein Mousavi

Introduction: The purpose of the "Health Communication" discussion plan, the most serious sparks of which were struck in the minds with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, revealed the importance of paying attention to improving health communication more than ever. For this purpose, in the current study, the formulation of a conceptual model of health communication capacities in pandemic conditions was examined from the perspective of health system experts.
Methods: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and the foundation's data theory method. Sampling was done with a purposeful snowball method, which included 20 communication and media professors and health professionals. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and document reviews based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (open, central, and selective coding), which includes causal conditions, central idea, context, mediating conditions (intervenor), strategies, and consequences of analysis. Validation was done through the review of participants and experts in the health system.
Results: The findings of the research in the grounded theory section show that the dimensions of the paradigm model include the central phenomenon: health communication (effective and informative communication), causal conditions: health communication harms (infodemic), the context of harms (widespread and popular media, lack of authority of the health unit, mass information, politicization), strategies (holding officials accountable, reliable sources and producing practical content, anxiety management, avoiding exaggeration of people's participation, teamwork and combination of experts, using the experiences of other countries) and consequences including (attracting trust and forming beneficial relationships) took place.
Conclusions: According to the dimensions achieved in presenting the model for improving health communication capacities in pandemic conditions in the country, it can be said that on the one hand, "transparency and immediacy of information" and the other hand, "empathy and trust between people and officials" in such More than one situation should be considered.

The Effect of the Perceived Organizational Climate on Job Burnout According to the Moderating Role of Social Support in the Employees of Selected Health Centers in Arak City

Azita Salarian

Introduction: In a stressful work environment, individuals experience burnout; meanwhile, social support helps to reduce burnout. Therefore, the current research has investigated the effect of organizational climate on the burnout of employees of selected healthcare centers in Arak City, considering the moderating role of social support in 2023.
Methods: The current research is applied, exploratory, and developmental in terms of purpose. Random sampling and based on Cochran's formula from 134 healthcare workers working in the health center, the questionnaire was completed. Demographic information forms, Maslach's (1993) job burnout questionnaire, Halpin and Kraft's (1963) organizational climate questionnaire, and Zimmet's (1988) perceived social support questionnaire were used to collect data. The results of model structure reliability tests, Cronbach's alpha values, composite reliability values, and rho_a, which indicate the internal correlation of questions of a variable within the model, are higher than 0.7 and have acceptable structure reliability. All the values of the HTMT index were less than the permissible value of 0.9 and were at a satisfactorylevel. Consequently, this test also confirmed the divergent validity.
Results: The results with P > 0.001 and a 99% confidence level of the organizational atmosphere had an inverse effect on emotional burnout and depersonalization and directly impacted individual success. The perceived social support variable did not have a moderating role on the causal relationship of organizational climate with emotional burnout and depersonalization and its direction was reversed. However, it had a strengthening role in individual success and direct direction. In other words, people with more social support have more powerful personal success and vice versa.
Conclusions: Organizational climate is one of the variables of job burnout, and people with higher social support have less job burnout. Therefore, it is suggested that managers conduct in-service training focusing on the components of job burnout and perceived organizational climate. In addition, friendly relations should be established with employees to increase social support, and rewards and welfare measures should be granted.