Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

The Psychological and Social Dimensions of Suicidal Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe

Ryu S, Nam HJ, Jhon M, Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim SW. Trends in suicide deaths before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. PLoS One

Investigation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern and frequency of serogroups O25 and O16 and among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Rasht city

Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie

Introduction: Considering the importance of urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in the medical field, this study aimed to investigate serogroups O25 and O16 and the pattern of antibiotic resistance among UPEC isolates obtained from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Rasht hospitals.
Methods: A total of 110 urine samples were collected from patients with UTIs referred to selected hospitals in Rasht. The disk diffusion method, as recommended by the CLSI, was used to determine the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. Serogroups O25 and O16 were detected using specific primers.
Results: Among the studied samples, 36.4% (40/110) were men and 63.6% (70/110) were women. Based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, a high level of antibiotic resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (81.8%) and co-trimoxazole (78.2%), while the most effective antibiotics were amikacin (85.5%) and nitrofurantoin (83.6%). In addition, multi-drug resistant phenotype was found in 72.7% (110/80) of UPEC isolates. According to PCR results, the frequency of serogroups O25 and O16 was 36.4% and 17.3%, respectively. Both serogroups had the highest resistance to nalidixic acid and co-trimoxazole, while the lowest resistance in serogroup O25 to nitrofurantoin (20%) and amikacin (14.3%) and in serogroup O16 to imipenem (5.3%) and nitrofurantoin (10.5%).
Conclusions: This study showed that the high prevalence of MDR strains among UPEC strains is very worrying and professionals should be very careful in prescribing antibiotics for patients. Like most studies, the frequency of serogroup O25 was high, and probably, this serogroup can play a role in causing urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance of UPEC strains.

Comparison the efficacy and safety of denovo Everolimus plus low dose cyclosporine with the standard protocol of cyclosporin plus cellcept in prevention of CMV and BK virus infection ,6 month and one year graft survival in kidney transplant recipient

Nooshin Dalili

Introduction: Years after the first successful kidney transplant, there are still many questions about the best immunosuppression regimen for these patients. Various studies have shown that long-term use of calcineurin inhibitor drugs can be associated with chronic nephrotoxicity and lead to irreversible damage to the transplanted organ. Therefore, the goal is to use immunosuppressive drugs and reduce the dose of calcineurin inhibitors as much as possible without increasing the risk of transplant rejection. This study aims to compare renal function, the rate of viral infections, and the occurrence of rejection after kidney transplantation in patients on two different treatment regimens including everolimus plus a low dose of calcineurin inhibitor against the standard protocol of calcineurin inhibitor along with mycophenolic acid in 60 kidney transplanted patients.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Labbafinejad Hospital in Tehran between 2018-2019 on 60 kidney transplant patients aged 18 to 65 years and for 12 months.
Results: In terms of kidney function status based on GFR, except for the first month (P=0.02), there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the time periods (P>0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the two study groups in terms of hospitalization length after transplantation and re-hospitalization during the study (P>0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the everolimus regimen and low dose of calcineurin inhibitor can be used de novo in transplant patients without increasing the risk of rejection in them and at the same time it may be able to reduce the incidence of viral infections after transplantation.

Investigating the effectiveness of different antimicrobials agents on the decrease of microbial biofilms of dental unit waterlines: A Systematic review

Seyed Hamed Mirhoseini

Introduction: Dental unit water lines (DUWL) are a potential place for the accumulation of microorganisms and the formation of microbial biofilm, which exposes people to infection risk. This study aimed to investigation of the effectiveness of four commonly used substances and selection of most effective disinfectant in DUWLs disinfection.
Methods: This systematic review study was conducted based on PRISMA templates and the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases with a specific search strategy were examined. In this systematic review study, the effectiveness of 4 disinfectants including: hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, chlorine-dioxide, sodium hypochlorite on microbial biofilms in the DUWL was investigated. The study was conducted on July 10, 2021, and finally the data of all studies related to the subject of this systematic review were extracted. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1399.347).
Results: All four disinfectants in sufficient concentration and time can be useful and effective. If the biofilm in DUWL is old and stabilized, it will affect the effectiveness of these materials and it will take longer to remove.
Conclusions: The use of materials in combination can cover all the microbial spectrum present in the biofilm of this area, and even fixed biofilms can be removed with extended and continuous use.

A jurisprudential approach to the criterion of banning the removal of organs from babies with acute cranial abnormalities

Fathollah Ghorbani

Introduction: Beyond the members of the charter board, the horizon of Amedwar Kanandah for the sake of Bimaran Niyazmand, the member of the board of the board. In parallel, there is a new medical science in New Mutrah, in the opinion of specialists who claim that it is a model and that they have a source for beyond the organs with children. Definitively The current issue is that of new topics and the question of programs in the possession of jurisprudence and rights, which must be carefully selected from the angles that are the subject of jurisprudence debate.
Methods: This is a book in the form of a textbook and a description - an analysis with the use of the books of science and jurisprudence of his room.
Results: This type of child is based on the basis of investigations, which are believed to be valid, according to the permissibility of the organs that are nozadan with severe cranial defects, i.e., in the womb of a mother, or from a cutaneous period, but from birth in the middle of my heart; A defensible issue.
Conclusions: The use of the nostril organs affected by the cornea with limitations of the cervical spine, but with a significant meaning in the development of Rastafarian, and the use of non-main organs based on multiple rational and legal evidences; Milabashed project. The parts of my life are afflicted with severe corneal ulcers, based on the inevitability and inevitability of the disease, and the reason for the fact that the situation is similar to the meaning of the disease. Develop a legitimate development in the most vigorous manner, and the issue of the necessity of preserving human dignity This is an issue that cannot be denied. But from the point of view of the role that is not a conditional legality, it is a present issue with conditional auspices in no severe form.

The effect of maternal exercise during pregnancy on the serum levels of leptin hormone of adult Sprague dawly rats

Reyhane Zarbaf

Introduction: Performing aerobic exercise programs during pregnancy will have positive effects on various characteristics related to the health of mother and children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic activity of the mother during pregnancy on the levels of leptin hormone in the blood serum of adult rats.
Methods: This research is of an experimental type with a post-test design with a control group, including 20 female rats with an average age of 8 weeks, randomly divided into two training (T) (221 ± 8.9 grams) and control (C). (223±12.8 grams) groups. Pregnancy sports activity was performed immediately after the observation of vaginal plaque for 21 days and for 5 sessions per week with moderate intensity on the treadmill, and it was terminated 2 days before delivery. The comparison of leptin hormone level in two control and exercise groups was analyzed using independent t-test in 8-week-old mice at a significant level of P≥0.05.
Ethical considerations: This study was an experimental and interventional type, and the ethical standards in maintaining and conducting experiments are in accordance with the ethics code of this study (IR.QUMS.REC.1396.288) which has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Basic Sciences of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.
Results: The amount of leptin hormone (p=0.002) in adult rats whose mothers had exercised during pregnancy was significantly lower than the control group, the weight of food consumed by the mother in the last weeks of pregnancy in the group training was less than the control group and the weight of the adult rats in the training group was less than the control group.
Conclusions: It seems that sports activity during pregnancy can have positive effects on weight control and prevention of obesity in adult children.

Evaluation of fetuin-A level in serum of type 2 diabetic patients and its relationship with retinopathy and nephropathy

zahra salemi

Introduction: Fetuin-A is a secreted protein from the liver, which plays a role in microvascular disorders of diabetes through insulin resistance and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the amount of fetuin-A in diabetic patients without and with microvascular disorders.
Methods: 90 people in 4 groups, diabetic control, nephropathy, retinopathy and retinopathy-nephropathy participated in this research. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson correlation tests. Measurement of parameters including VEGF, interleukin 8 (IL-8), insulin, interleukin 6 (IL- 6) and Fatuin-A was done by ELISA method. The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by nephrometric method.
Ethical considerations: This study was conducted after the approval of the protocol in the research ethics committee and receiving the ethical code number IR.ARAKMU.REC.1400.250 and according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
Results: The obtained results showed that the correlation between fetuin-A and VEGF in the control group was not significant (p=0.234), in the nephropathy group it was significant (p<0.01), in the retinopathy group it was significant (p<0.01) and in the retinopathy group - Nephropathy was significant (p=0.032). Also, the correlation between fetuin-A and interleukin-6 in the nephropathy group is not significant (p=0.285), in the retinopathy group is not significant (p<.075), in the retinopathy group is not significant (p<0.059) and in the retinopathy-nephropathy group. It was insignificant (p=0.113). The correlation between fetuin-A interleukin 8 in the control group is not significant (p=0.592), in the nephropathy group (p=0.592), in the retinopathy group (p=0.314) and in the retinopathy-nephropathy group (p= 0.362). The correlation between Fetuin-A and the homeostatic model of insulin resistance was significant in all groups (p<0.01). Fetuin-A and VEGF levels in the three groups of nephropathy and retinopathy increased significantly compared to the control group. The amount of interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and homeostatic model of insulin resistance in nephropathy, retinopathy and retinopathy-nephropathy groups has increased significantly compared to the control group.
Conclusions: Because fetuin-A is directly related to insulin resistance and VEGF production, its control can have an effect in preventing and controlling the development of microvascular disorders, especially in the early stages of diabetes. Although the results showed that fetuin-A level has no significant relationship with inflammatory factors such as interleukin 6 and interleukin 8, especially in the retinopathy-nephropathy group, but a significant increase of interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and CRP in patients with microvascular disorders to the diabetic control group, it shows the importance of inflammation in the development and progression of microvascular disorders and the importance of its control in diabetic patients.

Investigating the health anxiety and response inhibition of patients with type 1 diabetes

Soghra Akbari Chermahini

Introduction: Investigating the psychological issues of patients with diabetes, especially in adolescence and youth, is particularly important. Therefore, this study aims to compare the health anxiety and response inhibition of people with type 1 diabetes with healthy people.
Methods: This research is a description of the causal and comparative types. Its statistical population consists of all boys and girls aged 14 to 24 years old with type 1 diabetes in Arak city who were referred to the treatment clinics of this city in 1400. From this population, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling, and 34 healthy teenagers participated in this study as a comparison group. The tools of this research included the health anxiety questionnaire (Salkoskis and Warwick, 2002) and the open-ended task, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Ethical Considerations: The present research has been registered with the code IR.ARAKU.REC.1401.015 in the Ethics Committee of Arak University.
Results: The present study's findings showed a significant difference between health anxiety and cognitive inhibition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy adolescents (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this research show the higher level of health anxiety and poor performance of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in choosing the right answer and neglect the wrong answer, which indicates a weakness in their inhibition system. Considering the placement of these problems along with the psychological characteristics of adolescence, it is suggested to use suitable psychological treatment approaches and suitable cognitive rehabilitation interventions to solve or reduce these problems and increase the health of these patients.