Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

The Effect of Continuous Postpartum Care at Home on the Growth and Development of Low Birth Weight Infants

soraya soheili

Introduction: Background and Objectives: Low birth weight infants are at greater risk than normal infants and need care to achieve normal growth. This study aimed to The effect of continuous postpartum care at home on the growth and development of low birth weight infants.
Methods: The present study was a one-way blind clinical trial Which was performed for 90 low birth weight infants. Data collection tools included demographic information sheet and growth index registration form and low birth weight infant development questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Significance level is P <0.05.
Results: Average weight of the infants in the intervention group was 2313.08 ± 223.12 grams in the intervention group, and 2308.84 ± 247.61 grams in the control group. After the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean weight and head circumference of the neonates in the two groups; But the mean height and chest circumference of the two intervention and control groups in the second and third months were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Also the mean total developmental score (p < 0.0001) of low birth weight infants in the third month based on ASQ form was significantly different between the two groups. So that the mean score of problem solving domain, personal and social domain and the mean score of neonatal development in the third month in the intervention group was higher than the control.
Conclusions: Continuous postpartum care promotes the developmental indicators of low birth weight infants.

The Role of Interpersonal Problems and Illness Perception in Predicting Sleep Quality ‎with Mediating Distress Tolerance in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Ali Zeinali

Introduction: Sleep quality is one of the effective variables in other psychological characteristics, especially in multiple sclerosis patients. As a result, the present study was conducted with the aim of determine the role of interpersonal problems and illness perception in predicting sleep quality with mediating distress tolerance in multiple sclerosis patients.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional correlational study. The research population was all patients who were members of the Multiple Sclerosis Association of Urmia township in the first quarter of 2021 year. The sample size was estimated 315 people who were selected by available sampling method. The research data were collected by Barkham et all short version of interpersonal problems inventory (1996), Broadbent et all brief illness perception questionnaire (2006), Buysse et all Pittsburgh sleep quality index (1989) and Simons & Gaher distress tolerance scale (2005) and were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis methods in SPSS-19 and PLS-3 software. This research with the IR.IAU.URMIA.REC.1400.022 ethics code is approved by the ethics committee in biomedical research of Islamic Azad University of Urmia branch.
Results: The results showed that the increase of interpersonal problems and negative perception of illness led to decrease the distress tolerance and loss of sleep quality and an increase of distress tolerance improved sleep quality. In addition, the decrease of interpersonal problems and negative perception of illness with mediating distress tolerance led to improved sleep quality (P<0.01).
Conclusions: According to the results, to improve the sleep quality of multiple sclerosis patients can be increased the rate of their interpersonal problems and illness perception and decreased their distress tolerance.

The Role of Emotion Regulation in Predicting Depressive Symptoms in Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Niloufar Darvishi

Introduction: Depression is an injury to the central nervous system that is caused by several factors that affect a large number of people around the world. Emotion regulation refers to the processes by which we influence what emotions we experience, when we experience them, and how we express them. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotion regulation in predicting depressive symptoms in students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive correlational study. Participants were all students of the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences during 2020-2021. Three hundred and five participants were selected by available sampling method and randomly. Informed consent forms got from the participants, then they completed the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale (CERQ-18). This research was reviewed in the ethics committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and approved with the ID IR.KUMS.REC.1400.623.
Results: In this study, the study population was 305 people, 9 of whom were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers. Total mean age was 50.08 ± 191.30 Of these, 198 (66.9%) were female and 98 (33.1%) were male. Self-blame strategies (β = 0.31, P≤0.001), positive reassessment (β = -0.26, P≤0.001), catastrophic (β = 0.26, P≤0.001), numerical importance (β = -0.12, P≤ 0.001) and positive refocus (β = -0.10, P≤0.001) in five steps predict 40% of the variance of depression. Inconsistent strategies such as self-blame and catastrophe directly and positive reassessment, insignificance and positive refocus inversely predict depression. Mahalanobis distance was used to investigate multivariate throw values. Statistical assumptions were tested by performing an initial regression analysis and evaluating the scatter plot of residues. After confirming the regression assumptions, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. The findings of our study showed that there is a significant direct relationship between self-blame and catastrophic thinking as maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation with depression. Also in our study among adaptive emotion regulation strategies; Positive refocusing, positive reassessment, and a small number had a significant negative correlation with depression.
Conclusions: The results of our study showed that emotion regulation strategies play an important role in predicting the occurrence of depression. Therefore, it is necessary for health policy makers to strengthen adaptive emotion regulation strategies in designing and modifying interventions related to depression.

Investigating the Preventive Behaviors of the Operating Room Personnel of Isfahan Teaching Hospitals and Related Factors during the Epidemic Period of Covid-19 in 2019-2020

Zohre Khodadadi Jahromi

Introduction: The period of the epidemic of covid-19 is a critical situation where the operating room personnel are in the front line and are in more contact with the sick patient and his respiratory tract. The purpose of this study is to determine the preventive behaviors of operating room personnel of Isfahan teaching hospitals during the epidemic of Covid-19.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 100 operating room personnel of Isfahan teaching hospitals were investigated in 2019-1400. The required information was collected with the help of demographic information questionnaires and a standard questionnaire of specific questions related to preventive behaviors. Data collection was done from March 1999 to June 1400, then it was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. The Research Ethics Committee of Sari University of Medical Sciences has registered this study with the code IR.MAZUMS.REC.1400.115.
Results: The average rate of compliance with preventive behaviors among operating room personnel was 64.53%, which was above the average level. The highest compliance rate was preventive behaviors after the patient with corona virus left the operating room (84.50%). In this research, 100 health care personnel of operating rooms participated in the study. The gender of the majority of them (74%) was female and 63% of them were under 30 years of age. The participants stated that after the patient with corona virus leaves the operating room, they often or always dispose of the patient's consumables correctly (85%), complete disinfection. It was done with detergents (87%), using UV rays (86%), storing and transporting samples in special double-layered containers and fully complying with hygiene principles (83%).
Conclusions: The results showed that at the time of admission of the patient without Covid 19, contraceptive protocols were observed to a lesser extent than when the patient with Covid was admitted. Preventive behaviors and staff knowledge and awareness about the proper use of personal protective equipment can play an effective role in reducing their incidence.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Water Exercise on QEEG and Physical Activity in Boys with Autism

Ali Heidarian pour

Introduction: The beneficial effects of physical activity in the treatment of brain-motor disorders of people with autism have received more attention, although the effects of exercise on the evaluation of motor factors (physical fitness) and brain waves have been less studied.
Methods: Eleven children with autism spectrum disorder (7-12 years) took part in the study. After a thorough medical examination and psychiatric assessment, children participated in aquatic exercise program (twice-weekly) for 8 consecutive weeks. Pre & post intervention evaluated base on QEEG (power alpha & coherence), movement assessment (euro fit exam), then stoical analyze are performed (P<0.05). The present research has been registered with the ethics committee of the faculty of sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamadan under code IR.UMSHA.REC.1394.107.
Results: In this study, alpha wave absolute power but not coherence in frontal – occipital is significantly increased by8 consecutive weeks’ aquatic program (P<0.05). Physical Fitness assessment parameters (muscular strength/endurance, coordination, balance, flexibility) significantly improved and subside respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusions: These results indicate that aquatic exercise program may improve physical and mental disturbance in young children with autism spectrum disorder.

Preparation of Mono Specific Antiserum against Salmonella O and H antigens for Application in Agglutination and ELISA Tests

Mahnaz Ghahramani Til

Introduction: Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Several methods like Multiplex or real-time PCR, ELISA, and Agglutination are used to identify these bacteria. However, normally rapid, cost effective and easy diagnostic methods such as agglutination test is recommended. In Iran, positive control antiserums used in diagnostic kits work based on polyvalent agglutination and are against O and H antigens. The purpose of this research was to produce specific anti-sera against O and H antigens for using in agglutination and ELISA kits.
Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were immunized by intravenous injections of inactivated bacterial O and H antigens adjusted to a cell density equivalent to a turbidity of a McFarland number 3 standard. Serum collection was performed 7 days after the last injection. Collected Antisera were tested with positive human specimens as well as cross-reaction antibodies. Absorption method was used to obtain specific anti-sera against O and H antigens. Produced Anti-O and Anti-H antibodies were mixed with bacterial H and O antigens respectively and incubated for 1 hours in 37˚c. The Mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected. Furthermore, in order to use these antisera in specific kits such as ELISA, Immunofluorescence etc., purification methods like Ammonium sulphate precipitation, tangential Flow Filtration and Chromatography were performed. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Pasteur Institute of Iran (Code: IR.PII.REC.1399.006).
Results: Results of agglutination test before and after adsorption showed cross-reaction before adsorption and no cross-reaction with H and O antigens with monospecific antisera against O and H after adsorption, respectively. Moreover, high quality and quantity of mono-specific antibody was obtained after purification.
Conclusions: Serum-based assays are recommended for the timely diagnosis of the disease since these assays are specific, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid. Therefore, the produced antiserum in the present research can be used in primary screening of salmonella infections based on agglutination tests which are cost effective and simple. In addition, purified anti-sera can be used in the development of ELISA and Immunofluorescence assays.

Prediction of waste management behaviors of households in Arak city

Mohsen Shamsi

Introduction: Today, with the increase in population, the per capita production of waste materials and the subsequent threat and destruction of the environment is an increasing process, and waste management by the people of a society can play an essential role in reducing this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was determine of predicting the waste management behaviors of households in Arak city in 2022.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study that was carried out on 600 mothers of households in Arak city, who were selected by multi-stage sampling. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and behavior of households in the field of waste management. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test, chi-square and regression tests. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1401.040).
Results: The average age of the studied was 39±11 years and the number of family members was 3.6. In terms of type of housing, most of them lived in apartments (44%) and a smaller number lived in complexes (14%). 65 percent of the people had not received the training on the waste separation plan from the source, and among the effective training methods, the majority (38 percent) of the people had overestimated the effectiveness of the training through the Internet. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge was 66±19, attitude was 84±11 and performance was 73±18. The majority of the people studied had a good level of awareness and attitude. The regression analysis model showed that the greatest impact on the waste management behavior of the samples was the age of the people, their knowledge and attitude, which predicted a total of 33% of the waste management behavior.
Conclusions: Considering the favorable state of awareness and attitude of households in Arak city, it seems that for better waste management, other environmental factors should be emphasized, including sources of waste production at the source. Also, based on the prediction model, it is still important to inform and change the attitude of households in Arak city for better performance at younger ages.

Factors Predicting the Stages of Change in Digital Games Based on the Transtheoretical Model among High School Students in Bushehr District, South of Iran

Rahmatolah Khosravanpoor

Introduction: The use of digital games is highly prevalent among adolescents and can adversely affect their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of the stages of change in problematic digital games in high school students using a transtheoretical model.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 703 high school students in Bushehr 2020. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was performed for data gathering and analyzed using SPSS ver. 22 by descriptive indices, one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and rank ordered logistic regression. The present research was approved at Research Ethical Committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.BPUMS.REC.1398.101).
Results: According to the results, self-efficacy, dramatic relief and social freedom were the predictors of the change stages of reducing and quitting digital games. This means that girls and students with higher self-efficacy (P = 0.037, OR = 1.054), have a better chance of being in higher stages of change and by increasing a unit of dramatic relief score (P = 0.025, OR = 1) and social freedom (OR = 1.135, P <0.001), the chances of individuals to be in the upper stages of change increased.
Conclusions: It seems that the design of educational interventions based on self-efficacy variables and taking into account the change processes of dramatic relief and social freedom, which increase the chances of people to be placed in higher stages of change, in reducing the behavior of digital games of students, especially for boys will be effective.