Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

Reasons of Irregular Ferrous Sulfate Drops Use in Children 6-24 Month Referring to Health Centers in Arak, 2004

Fatemeh Dorreh

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is still a major nutritional and public health problem among young children in developing countries. Anemia during childhood is known to be linked with impaired mental and cognitive development and learning capacity. Daily oral supplementation with iron is considered to be an effective strategy for reducing IDA but non-compliance is a major problem with this strategy.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study on 400 mothers who had 6-24 month old children which was performed at health centers of Arak in 1383. Data was analyzed with SPSS and p<0.05 was considered meaningful.
Results: 10% of infants didn’t take iron drops, and regular and irregular consumption was 33.3% and 56.8% respectively. The mean (with 95% CI) knowledge and attitude of mothers was 33.2 (32.7-33.7) from 70, 25.2 (24.8-25.6) from 40 score. 68.8% mothers had begun the drops in appropriate age, 72.3% gave it in appropriate amounts and only 3.3% had appropriate method of giving the drops.
Conclusion: The most common causes of irregular consumption were poor acceptance (40.5%), vomiting after consuming (16.5%) and forgetting to give the drug. Regarding the results of this study, unpleasant taste and its complications as well as inappropriate knowledge. Attitude and practice of mothers were important causes of irregular use of ferrous sulfate drops.

The Comparison of Oxidative Stress Between Smokers and Nonsmokers

Akram Ranjbar

Introduction: Disturbance between production of free radicals and antioxidant defense is named oxidative stress. One of the main sources of free radicals is smoking that induce oxidative stress.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study in which questionnaires including information such as age, sex, education, history and number of smoking and history of special disease were filled. Case group were smokers (n=43) who were smoking at least 5 years and their mean age was 37.7 year. The control group was consisted of 43 nonsmokers which were matched for age and sex. They were evaluated for oxidative stress markers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) indicator of lipid peroxidation (LPO), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) indicator of total antioxidant capacity, total thiol (SH) groups and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in blood.
Results: Results showed that induction of oxidative stress in smokers as revealed by decreased FRAP (1.89±0.03 vs 2.24±0.04, p=0.01) and plasma Sh groups (0.22±0.08 vs 0.81±0.48, p=0.01) in comparison to those of controls. The activity of GGT and level of LPO increased but were not significant . Also the correlation between history of smoking and oxidative stress was not significant.
Conclusion: It is concluded that smoking have decreased FRAP and SH groups which may put smokers at future consequences of oxidative stress. It seems that improving antioxidant system in smokers is effective.

The Incidence of Diabetes in Over 19 Years Old Population Pf Isfahan and Markazi Provinces, 2002

Masoumeh Sadeghi

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most important problems in all countries. This study is designed to determine the prevalence of diabetes or glucose intolerance in central areas of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study in Arak, Isfahan and Najafabad cities, 12514 samples over 19 years old were selected by a multistage random sampling method. FBs and GTT were done. Lipid tests were also done in fasting. weight, height and blood pressure of samples were measured by standard methods. FBs>-126 or 2 hoursglucose >-200 was considered diabetes. Fasting glucose disturbance was considered with FBS <126 and glucose intolerance with 2 hours glucose >-140-200. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, t test, chi square and Fisher test.
Results: Of 12514 samples under investigation 51.1% were female. The overall diabetes incidence in urban and rural areas was 6.7% and 5.3% and in male and female 5.4% and 7.1% respectively .Mean of blood glucose was increased by age in both sexes. This was also increased in women of urban areas against women in rural parts. It was also found that glucose intolerance, known diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes was increased by age. More than half of diabetes cases in all age groups were newly diagnosed. Blood pressure, age, BMI and abdominal obesity were higher in diabetics and those with glucose intolerance. These problems were more incident in women.
Conclusion: Regarding to the fact that diabetes is one of the major risk factors for noncommunitable disease and also its relative high incidence in central areas of Iran, it is necessary to have expanded programs for prevention and treatment diabetes family history.

The Effect of Complementary Nutrition Teaching by Physician on Weight of 6-12 Month Old Children With Growth Failure

Manijheh Kahbazi

Introduction: Good nutrition is important for growth and development of children. Regarding the fact that most of brain growth is done in first years of life, the importance of a good nutrition at this time can not be denied. In our country there is a high incidence of growth failure. Todat the complementary nutrition teaching is being performed by primary care provider and physicians are less active in this important field. In this study we investigated the effect of complementary nutrition teaching by physicians on weight of children with growth failure.
Materials and Methods: This study is a before and after clinical trial. In this study 100 children between 6-24 months old with growth failure and no disease as the result for failure were investigated. Their mothers were educated about complementary nutrition by physicians. Then children,s weight was assessed every month for three months. Results were comparisoned with the data from three months before education.
Results: In this study 45% of children were male. The mean of age was 11.38 months. There was a meaningful difference between the difference of mean weight in the end of the without teaching period and its firast (-0.49) and the difference between the mean weight in the end of the teaching period and its first (1276 gr) (p<0.001). The difference of z score at the first of teaching period (1.25) in comparison with the without teaching period (0.04) was meaningfully increased.
Conclusion: In general mothers complementary nutrition teaching by physician had an effective role in resolving childrens growth failure and improving their weight gain. We recommend that when physicians are confronted with children with growth failure it is better to perform complementary nutrition education as a priority instead of performing paraclinic studies.

A Comparison of Diabetes Mellitus Incidence Between Atypical and Typical Antipsychotic Drugs in Janbazan With Mental Disorder

Saeed Mansoori

Introduction: Atypical antipsychotic drugs in comparison with typical antipsychotics produce fewer extra pyramidal symptoms at clinically effective doses. However there has also been a growing number of reports of new onset diabetes mellitus in patients receiving these drugs. The aim of this study was the comparison of diabetes mellitus incidence in mentally janbazan (Iran-Iraq war veterans) undertaken typical with atypical antipsychotics.
Materials and Methods: In this study the incidence of new onset Dm was assessed in 200 subjects referred to Amiralmomenin clinic, Isfahan, Iran. Every patient was included in this study if he was receiving atypical or typical antipsychotic drugs or combination of both types, at least for one year. Sampling was convenient. Fasting blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterol before taking the drugs was documented in their records. New onset DM was defined based on 126 mg/dl or more for FBS which was confirmed with GTT. For comparison of FBS mean pre and post interventions, NIDDM incidence, the relation of background variables with NIDDM and the relation of NIDDM incidence with dosages and duration of drug therapy, paired t-test, chi-square, logistic regression and ANOVA were used.
Results: Subjects were divided into three groups based on the type of drugs used 135 patients using typical antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, perphenazine, haloperidol, …), 39 patients using atypical antipsychotics (clozaoine & riaperidon) and 26 patients receiving combination of drugs. It was found that DM developed following treatment in three groups were 12.8%, 6.7% and 3.8% respectively. There was no significant differences between three groups regarding the incidence of new onset DM.
Conclusion: Findings showed that patients treated with antipsychotic drugs had a moderately increased risk of DM especially with atypical antipsychotics. It is suggested to evaluate every patients before treatment for risk factors of DM.

Effect of Cis and Trans Fatty Acids Intake on Pentylen Tetrazol Kindling in Rats

Mahmood Reza Nakhai

Introduction: Impressive research demonstrates the importance of essential fatty acids for many physiological and bahavioral mechanisms in both human and animals. Essential fatty acids must be supplied via the diet. In this study we assessed the dietary effects of cis and trans fatty acids on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in rats.
Materials and Methods: In this study animals were divided into four groups. In the test groups cis, trans or cis and trans fatty acids were add to the standard foods of rats and in control group only standard food was dietary administrated. After one month kindling was established in rats with PTZ in subconvulsive dose (45 mg/kg). convulsing activities were monitored for 20 min.
Results: Results showed that there was no meaningful difference between rat groups receiving cis, trantary administration of cis and trans fatty acids had no effect on penylenetetrazol kindling in rats.s or cis and trans fatty acids in their standard food.
Conclusion: It was concluded that dietary administration of cis and trans fatty acids had no effect on pentylenetetrazol kindling in rats.

The Effect of Sterile Water Injection in Low Back Labor Pain

Katayoon Vakilian

Introduction: Most women in first stage of labor complain of low back pain. Nowadays. alternative methods are at interest for pain relief because there are respiratory complications for newborn, and increased mortality and morbidity for mother when pharmacological methods are used. One of the alternative methods is injection of a solution locally to painful area, which is simple with no risk for mother and fetus and has low expense. Studies had shown different results about this technique. So we decided to investigate its effectiveness.
Materials and Methods: This survey is a single blind randomized clinical trial. Sampling method was simple random. 140 mothers were selected which were sat in 2 groups (70 in case group, and 70 in control group). Instruments of data collection were questionnaire, pain ruler , insulin syringe , sterile water and check list. After selecting four injection areas of sacrom, sterile water(0.1 ml) was injected in case group, and control group had dry injection. Then in 10^th, 30^th, 45^th, 90^th minutes post injection pain was estimated in both groups .SPSS software and paired t-test and t-student were used for data analyzing.
Results: Data showed that the mean of pain, 10 minutes after injection was significantly increased in case group in comparison with control group (p=0.001). Also in 30^th minute after injections pain was increased significantly (p=0.004). The difference between mean of pain before injection and 45 and 90 minutes after that in case group was significant (0.005).
‍Conclusion: Data showed that subcutaneous injection of sterile water in sacral area did not decrease pain and only lowered the rate of increasing pain. Regarding the effects of many factors for example anxiety, labor environment, culture and parental education on pain perception, using a specific method for relieving pain may be unsuccessful and it may be better to use a combination of alternative methods.

Case Series Report of Using Posterolatral Thigh Flap for Reconstruction of Extensive Knee Defect

Sadrollah Motamed

Introduction: One of the most important problems in plastic surgery is reconstruction of extensive knee soft tissue defect. Many conditions cause this problem such as trauma, infection, burn and tumor resection.
Among different reconstruction techniques posterolateral thigh flaps are relatively new and it seems there is no published article of this technique in Iran. In this study we performed poaterolateral thigh flap to cover knee defect in 15 khordad hospital during 13800to 1382.
Materials and Methods: During 2 years 6 patients suffered from extensive knee soft tissue damage due to flame were under investigation. First they were treated with debridement and primary care and defects were covered with gastrocnemius flaps. Then defects were covered by posterolateral thigh flap, patients average hospitalization was 20 days and their average follow up time was 15 months. Data was gathered before and after surgery.
Results: Four cases had complete survival of flap. Two cases have a mild dissolation and necrosis which was treated by a limited debridement. All knee defects were completely covered. The donor site in one case had a hypertrophic scar which wad relieved during time statistical tess showed a meaningful relationship in all cases (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This flap was used successfully. we recommend this technique for similar conditions because of its easy usage.