Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

Assessment of Off-Response of Baroreflex During Isometric and Dynamic Exercise

Saeed Changizi Ashtiani

Introduction: The off response of baroreflex is mostly ignored by recent studies. In the present study we aimed at assessing this during rest, and isometric and dynamic exercise.
Materials and Methods: 12 young male subjects volunteered the study. Using an Eckberg neck suction device each subject received a brief (10 sec). about of sustained stimulus with -50 mm Hg pressure in the neck chamber. The workload incorporated was 100w for dynamic and 50% of maximal effort for isometric exercise. Electrocardiogram was recorded on line R-R intervals were assessed beat and responsed cardiac response. This was significant at all three states.
Results: on the average, the peak off-response tachycardia occurred earlier (3^rd sec). in exercise tests as compared with that of rest (5^th sec). the intensity of tachycardia was more prominent at rest, isometric exercise, and dynamic exercise, respectively and the difference between rest and dynamic exercise gained significance (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The attenuation of so called post vagal tachycardia during exercise is in accordance with the assumed reduction of vagal tone during exercise.

An Investigation on Intestinal Parasitic Infections and the Effective Demographic Factors in Children (1-3 Years) in Shahrak-E-Valiasr Arak During 1999

Mohammad Hassan Davami

Introduction: Alimentary parasitic infections are still one of the main problem in developing countries, and their relation with environmental factors are important. Since children are more vulnerable to these infections, in basic researchers this group is more targeted.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 1-13 years children who were living in Shahrak-e-Valiasr Arak. Simple random sampling was used for selecting 385 children. Three days collected feces samples from each person were examined using formaline-ether concentration technique. Data were analyzed by Chi square method.
Results: The results showed a prevalence of 42.3% of intestinal parasitic infections in the children. From these, 17.4% were pathogen parasits. The highest prevalence was reported for Giardia lambia (16.6%). Girls were more infected than boys. The level of infection was significantly increased by age. The prevalence of the infection was more in orphans or in children who had uneducated parents.
Conclusion: Since date indicated of a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the children. It is suggested to use washed and clean vagetables and fruits and also emphasize on personal and environmental hygiene.

The Relation of Depression and Individual Perception About Being Religious in Bandar Abbas Nursing, Midwifery and Health Students in 2000

Laleh Soleimanizadeh

Introduction: The purpose of this research is to examine depression rate in nursing, midwifery and health students and its relation with individual perception about being religious in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
Materials and Methods: In this study 299 students (105 male and 194 female) were examined with non-random and easy sampling method. They examine with Beck Depression Test and Alport Religious Guidance.
Results: On the basis of Beck Depression Test 55.5% were without depression, 32.1% mild depression, 11% moderate depression and 1.3% sever and very sever depression. Also with use of two dimension Alport Religious Guidance, 8.7% of subjects had external and 91.3% internal religion. On the basis of other classification of Alport Religious Guidance 70.9% of subjects had high, 21.4% moderate and 7.7% low religion. By the means of x2 Test it shows the rate of depression between girls and boys have not significant difference (p>0.05). In order to access relationship between the rate of depression and religious viewpoint, Pearson Correlation Test was used that results show that it is reverse correlation between them. So that with increased religious viewpoint the rate of depression was decreased (r=-0.6, p<0.05)
Conclusion: In low religion subjects, the rate of depression was more than religion subjects.

Determination of Immunity for Rubella Among Females in the Years of Marriage Done in Arak (2000)

Masoumeh Sufian

Introduction: Rubella is a self limited viral disease. But in pregnant woman it can produvce congenital rubella syndromes with multiple fetal defects. Mothers immunity is made by the disease or vaccination. In advanced countries against rubella is done by government. However in Iran rubella n vaccination is not recommended for all health organization. This study is done for the determination of immunity against rubella in women before marriage.
Materials and Methods: In this study T women referring to medical lab for screening of thalassemia are selected as the subjects of the research, the blood of the subjects was analyzed to check their immunity for rubella by the use of ELISA (Radim kit), their rubella immunity was determined. In this study 1563 samples were under investigation, the research was in the form of descriptive study and sampling was done simple randomely.
Results: In this study among 1563 samples, 80.2% (1256 samples) were immune against rubella and among 19.8% (309 samples) were sensitive for rubella. As a result there was a positive significant relationship between age and immunity (p=0.00058). But there was not a significant relationship between level of education, place of living and immunity.
Conclusion: Considering the results of this study it is concluded that vaccination against rubella in childhood can be useful, and has a positive effect against rubella. If there is finitial limitation for this vaccination it is recommended for high school girls.

Study the Factors of Establishing Motivation in General Physicians in Order To Enter Into Continuous Education Programs in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2002

Zohreh Anbari

Introduction: Continuing medical education of physician society as a part of human power education is specially important. For change in methods of behavior, reasoning and professional culture so study the level of physicians motivation in them for entering in programs in necessary.
Materials and Methods: To determine relation of 7 criteria; as motivation factors consist of convenience , relevance, individualization, self-assessment, interest, speculation and systematic has into reliability determined 0.68. sample capacity has been 360 province in Markazi province that and analyzed by chi2 Test and software of SPSS.
Results: This research showed a meaningful relation between all of the criteria and s=establish motivation in physicians (p<0.0001) . coefficient of correlation has been 0.846 in individualization, 0.809 in convenience, 0.605 in relevance, 0.523 in speculation, 0.509 in systematic, 0.491 in self-assessment , 0.483 in creation of interst.
Conclusions: This research showed that creation of motivation will be more if physician given partnership and express their opinion programs and time and place of program be more suitable.

The Evaluation of Relation Between Zone of Inhibition and Mimimum Inhibotry Concentration on Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolated in the City of Arak

Ehsanollah Ghaznavirad

Introduction: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative diplococci belong to family neisseriacae and is causative agent of gonorrheae. Culture and antibiograme of this bacteria is done lower than other cases and determination rate of MIC in this bacteria is inly done in reference laboratories. The goal of this study id introducing a relationship which in studied population, MIc more easily and eithout doing complex technical examinations is placed available for physicians.
Materials and Methods: In this research on 50 cases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients with gonorrhoeae antibiograme test were done and then for every antibiotic discs the zone of inhibition were measured. Then on the basis of instructions of NCCL for four antibiotics were planed to this disease (penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycine and ceftriaxone) MIc on GC agar medium were measured and between zone of inhibition as an independent variable and MIC as a dependent variable linear regression is seen which from this line equation can understand how is the relation between MIc and zone of inhibition. It means that wether this relationship is direct or reverse?
Results: The findings show that in all antibiotics the relationship between zone of inhibition and MIc are negative (reverse) and regression coefient for first three antibiotics have (p<0.0001) and for fourth antibiotics has (p<0.001).
Conclusions: It means that with probability less than 0.0001 for penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycine and probanility less than 0.001 for ceftriaxone can estimate the counter effect pf zone of inhibition and MIc in studied population.

A Study on the Etiology of Gross Rectorrhagia in Adult Patients, Referred to Clinics of Arak University of Medical Sciences From Jul, 23, 2000 to Aug, 22, 2001

Ali Fani

Introduction: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) as well as upper GIB, is one of the most common causes of patients referral to surgen and internist. From patients view, nothing is as terrible as bleeding from mouth or anus. Lower GIB may be benign or malignant, simple or complex. Bleeding may be occult with further weakness, or it may be severe and lead to death. So lower GIB work up from etiological point of view is mandatory.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational and descriptive-analytic study, performed from Jul, 23, 2000 to Aug,11, 2001. In this study, we evaluated patients with gross rectorrhagia referred to aspecial clinics, by history taking, physical examination, anoscopy, rectosigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and barium enema.
Results: From the total number of 580 cases who completed the study, 55.0% were male and 44.8% female . 401/3% had constipation and rectorrhagia, 14.7% had chronic diarrhea with rectorrhagia and 45% had rectorrhagia with normal bowel habits. From etiological point of view , 20% of patients had hemorrhoid , 12.4% had anal fissures, 10.2% had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 9.65% had polyps, 3.1% had infective pocititis and 30.4% were unknown causes.
Conclusion: Gross rectorrhagia is relatively common cause of GIB. Although most of the lesions were of benign nature. in this study, because of serious complications and high morbidity and mortality, IBD, colonic polyps and cancer must be ruled out with complete work up.

The Study of Management of Asthma in Children When Hospitalized in Amir-Kabir Hospital

Manijheh Kahbazi

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most chronic long disease of childhood that caused repeated admitting in hospital & school day lost. Asthma identifies with recurrent attack of cough, dyspnea & wheezing. The goals of treatment are relief of Acute symptoms, prevention or diminish the frequency of recurrent symptoms maintain normal pulmonary functions & maintain normal activity level.
Materials and Methods: In our study, all patients with final diagnosis of asthma that hospitalized in Amir-Kabir hospital from 79.1.1 to 80.1.30 evaluated.
Results: first line drugs that used Aminophylline (62%), antibiotics 56%, corcosteriod 42%, inhaled salbutamol 14% and oral salbutamol 0.6%. others that used in the period of treatment according to prevalence are antibiotics 85% , aminophylline 74%, corticosteroid 5%, oral salbutamol 40%, adrenaline 31%, inhaled salbutamol 24% & theophylline_G 14%. Most of clinicians use aminophylline instead of beta agonist, Only 14%. patients receive inhaled salbutamol in the first line.
Conclusion: There findings reflect inappropriate therapy of asthma. It seems that little knowledge of clinicians about new medical methods, absence of new drugs and little knowledge of patients & their family of patients and their norriment about use of inhaled drug, are basic problems. That’s logical, that education of clinicians & patient their parents, explanation the mandatory of preparation of new drugs & proper device to manages can resolve their problems.