Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

‍Comparative In-Vitro Activity of Ofloxacin vs Ceftriaxone Against Gram Negative From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection

Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari

The present study was carried out to evaluate the in-vitro susceptibility of isolated gram-negative bacteria from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) to ofloxacin in comparison with ceftriaxone and other conventional antibiotics. Gram-negative rods (408 samples) isolated from hospitalized patients with UTI from September 1998 to Janury 1999 and their sensitivity to various antibiotics were determined. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (9MIC) of ofloxacin and ceftriaxone were evaluated according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratoty Standard (NCCLS) recommendations. The predominant organisms were Escherichia coli (68.3%), Pseudomonas spp (15.4%), Enterobacter spp (6.7%), Proteus spp (6.2%) and Klebsiella (3.4%). The percentage of resistance for all strains was 86.8%, 51.6%, 27% for ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoazazole and nalidixic acid respectively, 24.8% for nitrofurantoine, 27.2% for gentamicin, 13.6% for ofloxacin and 14% for ceftriaxocine. Enterobacteriacea was more sensitive to ofloxacin (99%), but Pseudomonas spp, were weakly sensitive to ofloxacin (60%), Also in the case of ceftriaxone, enterobacteriaxea was the most sensitive bacteria (90%) and sensitivity of E.coli and pseudomonas spp. To ceftriaxone were 86.5% and 70% respectively. In our study there was no significant difference between ofloxacin and ceftriaxone (P=0.88). Both antibiotics had in-vitro broad activity against gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized patients with UTI. Larger-scale studies are recommended to compare the effect of oral ofloxacin with parental ceftriaxone in patients.

A Comparative Study Between Desmopressim and Imipramine in the Management of Nocturnal Enuresis

Gholam Ali Fatahi Bayat

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a psychosocial problem for children and parents. The incidence of Ne is 20% in 5 years old children. Since no single etiology is found for disorder, various therapeutic modalities have been used. None of which could cure enuresis entirely. Two types of treatment are considered: Pharamacologic & nonpharmacologic. A prospective experimental study in the level of clinical trial in 98 children aged 5-15 years who have NE underwent for 1 month of therapy with imiperamine in 49 and desmopressin in 49 no. of patient treated with imiperamine 36 children have complete response (73%) (all dry bed), at the 3 months follow up 20 children have recurrence. Ammong patients treated with dessmopressin, 31 children have complete response (63%). Recueernce rate after 3 months is 17 cases. Our results didn’t indicate any statistical difference between imipramine & desmopressin in the treatment of N.E. Imipramine is more complicated than desmopressin so that desmppressin is preferred.

The Investigation of the Prevalence of Coronary Artery Diseases In Arak and the Role of Education in their Deletion or Modification Instraction

Valiollah Khadir

Coronary artery diseases are the most important cause of mortality in many countries and there are many risk factors where by reducing its prevalence or side effects by deletion or control. This study has done in Arak in two stages on 1050 patients who were over 20 years. They included 750 women and 300 men who were selected randomly. In first stage factors in total investigated population were as follow: Hypertension 20.7%, hyperglycemia 5.8%, obesity 30.2% and positive family history 21.9%. 385 patients were investigated with necessary educational programs after six months and they had at least one risk factor which can be modified or deleted without need to drug use. It was cleared that in men and women respectively cholesterol 13,15.2% (P<0.0001), triglyceridemia 36, 18.5% (p<0.0001), body mass index 4, 4.3% (p<0.0001), systolic blood pressure 10,5.6% (P<0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure were 11, 7.5% (p<0.0001) decreased. Blood sugar shoed significant reduction in women 40.1% (P=0.001) and cigarret smooking didn’t show significant reduction in two sexes.

Determination of Distribution of Clinical Signs in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Abas Ali pourMomeni

The most commonest entrapment mononeuropathy is carpal tunnel syndrome. This syndrome is associated with hypothyroidism, acromegaly, amyloidosis, pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, … and idiopathic. The aim of this study was evaluation and prevalence of sign and symptom in this sundrome. All patients with upper extremity pain were referred to EMG lab studied. Inclusion criteria was conduction study and exclusion criteria was other Entrapments and radiculopathies . 1024 hands from 745 patient were selected. In this study T females were affected more than males. Most age (8/1) was 36 to 50 years(48.4%). Right hand 44.3% and left hand 21.3% and bilateral 35.4%. Neoturnal pain was dominate sign (74%), phalen test 62%, paresthesia in hand 57%, tinel sign 47.9%. Different sensory between index & little finger was 43.1%. There is significant correlation between distal)motor 7 sensory) and phalen test. Also there is significant relation phalen test 7 tunnel sign.

Chromosomal Study of 100 Children and Adolescenes With Mental Retardation

Abdolrahim Sadeghi

About 3-5 percent of population suffer from mental retardation (MR) mildly to severely. One of the most common causes of Mr is chromosomal aberrations. In this research, Chromosmal study was performed for 100 Mental Retarders (MRS) by G-banding Method. 100 MRS were suffering from downs syndromes: 21 cases with 21 free Trisomy, 1 case chromosomal mosaism and residual case had Robertsonian traslocation 14; 21 also chromosomal mosaism. Other 8 MRS had be structural aberrations in chromosmals such as inversion (3 cases), partial trisomy (1 case), ring 22 chromosme (1 case) and breakages in different chromosmes (3 cases). The results showed that chromosomal aberrations are frequent between Mental Retarderes and the most common chromosomal aberrations occure between MRS is 21 free trisomy.

Prevalence of Hypoglycemia in Low Birth Weight Newborns in Taleghani of Arak From March to August 1999

Manizheh Kahbazi

Hypoglycemia is one of the most common preventable and curable metabolic disorders, especially seen in low birth weight infants. About 80% of hypoglycemic conditions are asymptomatic or the symptoms will present between the third to fifth days after birth that infants are discharged from the hospital. However even in asymptomatic cases, hypoglycemia has exposed the infant to sever defects of nervous system development which these defects depended on duration and severity of hypoglycemia will be remained as reduction of head circumference and psychomotor disorders for child especially in 3 to 5 years old. We studied 284 LBW infants that about 5.2% of them were hypoglycemic in the first 24 hours after birth. (Blood glucose was less than 30, g/dl). About 80% of cases were asymptomatic. 20% of showed were symptomatic such as hypotonia, generalixed convulsion with apena and total cyanosis. These infants were of twin pregnancy or Cesarian section. We also studied infants based on gestational age. (Preterm & IUGR) The prevalence of hypoglycemia in preterm infants was 2.3% and 6.6% in IUGR infants. There was no significant relation between the sex and incidence of hypoglycemia . The most common prevalence of hypoglycemia were seen in infants with body weight between 1500 -2000 grams.

A Prospective Clinical Study for Evaluation of Two Methods (Isopropyl Alcohol and Palcebo) for Prevention of Post Operative Nausea and

Alireza Sousan Abadi

Nausea and vomiting is a common manifestation in anatomical nad functional disorder that was presented after abdominal surgery. This problem is unpleasant for the patients in addition for current therapy for post operation nasea and vomiting (PONV), isopropyl alcohol is effective for prevention of PONV. In this study we compare isopropyl alcohol with normal saline in preventation of PONV 120 ASA physical status I, II patients undergoing abdominal surgery were chosen randomized, prospective, controlled, double-blind study. In case group a piece of catton was lubricated with 1 cc isopropyl alcohol 99% and in control group lubricated with 1 cc normal saline that which inhalate for 5 seconds. In summary the isopropyl alcohol is effective in prevention of PONV and decrease recovery times.

Prevalence of Depressive Disorders and Related Factors Among Physical War Veterans in Arak - Iran

Farzaneh GolAghaei

Physical war veterans almost encounter many changes in their life style job, social activities and many communications. The psychologic stress resulting from these changes can threaten their mental health.
Objective: This descriptive-analytic survey was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of depressive dosorders and its related factors among physical war veterans in Arak-Iran.
Method: A randomized sample consisted of 600 physical veterans of Iran-Iraq war were studied to be screened for depressive signs using a personal data questionare and the short form (21 statement) of Beck Depression Inventory.
Results: 174 (29%) of respondants obtained the score of 17 and more and were determined as depressive cases, Analyses of the data using Kai square and fishers test showed significant differences between depressive and non depressive groups in variable of injures organ, education, number of children, occupation, type of employer agency, monthly income, satisfaction from raletions, smoking and job satisfaction (p<0.01). There were also significant correlation between severity of depression according to obtained scores from beck test and the injured organ (p<0.01). Analysing data with binominal logistic regression showed significant correlations between depression and the injured organ, occupation, dissatisfaction with job and family relationship and smoking.