Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

To Study the Education Perspective of Seniors Viewpoints of General Practitioners

Nemat Billan

This study was done on 150 students to investigate the perspective of the educational future of senior students of general practitioners (medical, dentistry, pharmaceutical) in Tabriz university of medical sciences. The measurement of the students views was done by a questionnaire which was included following items: Career security, social honour, career status, economic strength, scientific strength, generality, social medicine, continuous education, emotional relationship and political insight. The given answers were as follows: 79-69% of students stated that the career security is mooted on demand, suitable job environment and entrenched rules. 81-93% of students stated that the crowd of graduated students and the in security of suitable job spoiled the career security. 94% of students stated that the social honour is in gaining scientific (theoretical & practical) skills. 83% of students expressed that the crowd of graduated students spoiled suitable training. While the emotional relationship in taking responsibility for patients, problems and following them up from one hand, and the other hand, knowing the man as a creature that is worth the succession of GOD on earth have been interpreted by 80-90% of students. Meanwhile the lack of optimum characteristic to imitate when educating, and the lack of proper behaviour due to overwhelming economic problem were stated on harmful factors for emotional relationship by 50-80% of students. The last question was, if medical career status produce sufficient stimulation to giving service and correct medical practice? The answer of 10. 1% students was positive. 8.2% of students said that "it would encourage to give more serious". 12.2% of students said that "it would encourage to promote knowledge and doing correct medical practice".

The Success Rate of Standby Myringoplasty in Comparison with Medical Treatment

Abolfazl Jafari

The tympanic membrane (T.M) perforations, which last more than three months, usually are associated with irreversible changes in the middle ear mucosa, and underlying bone. In this condition symptoms are chronic discharge of the ear and hearing loss. The best way for prevention of the above complications is T.M repair with or without middle ear reconstruction if needed. The usual way for achieving these goals is, myringoplasty or tympanoplasty, In some instances with medical treatment spontaneous repair of the T.M is possible. Myringoplasty is done in either outpatient department (o.p.d) or hospital. The primary goal is cessation of purulent discharges from the ear and hearing reconstruction is the second point. In the current study, rate of the recovery and follow up of the o.p.d patients is disaussed in comparison with the non-operated ear. The goal of the current study is comparison of the spontaneous repair with standby myringoplasty. Sixty-eight patients were studied which had bilateral, T.M perforation with approximately same condition in both ears. Medical treatment with standby myringoplasty was performed, and in the other ear only medical treatment was done. The rate of repair in the operated ear was 86 percent comparing with 0.076 percent in the non-operated ear. From the statistical point of view P-value was less than 0.0001 that showed meaningful difference between these two methods.

A Study on Adaption Process Carotid Baroreflex in Isometric & Dynamic Exercise

Saeid Changizi Ashtiyani

Arterial baroreflexes are the most important mechanism of cardiovascular system that can respond to rapid blood pressure changes during everyday activities. In this study we have assessed adaptive responses of carotid baroreflexes during isometric & dynamic exercise and compared the results with acute response during rest. The applied work loud in dynamic exercise was 100 watts and in isometric exercise it was 50% of calculated maximum force. Experiments were performed on 12 young male healthy sedentary volunteers aged between 21-28. This study was done in three exercises. In all three protocles, adaptation process during stimulation was assessed by studying of beat to beat R-R interval of ECG. In order to stimulate the carotid baroreceptors neck suction device Eckberg model was used and duration of stimulation was 10 seconds. ECG was taken carefully. Examination of adaptive process during stimulation showed maximal response achieved in resting state is statistically significant compared with that of isometric and dynamic exercise respectively (P<0.038, P<0.007). where as, comparison of adaptive response of rest state with isometric exercise and dynamic exercise was not statistically significant. There is no significant relation between maximal and adaptative response in dynamic and isometric exercises, although in general adaptative process in resting state compared with isometric and dynamic exercise was more pronounced. This observation confirmed that Vagal withdrawal with alimited degree of sympathic stimulation are challenged in this phenomenon. In other words the Sa response to vagal stimulation is related by sympathic stimulation.

Investigation of Parasitic Contamination of Consuming Vegetables in Arak

Mohammad Hassan Davami

The parasitic diseases are still important problems in developing countries, the majority of intestinal infections are caused by contaminated foods. Infection to intestinal parasites is usually caused by eating raw vegetables which is habitual for Iranians. The aim of this study is to determine the parasitic contamination of consuming vegetables in Arak. 135 samples of vegetables are selected by random sampling. The parasitic contaminations were detected in 68.3% of the imported vegetables and 56.6% of locally produced. As a whole 66% of the vegetables were contaminated. The highest contaminated vegetables was imported from Esfahan.

Case Report of Brucella Menengitis

Masoume Soufian

Brucellosis is a common disease in Markazi province, however meningitis of Brucella is rare. The patient was a -25- year old woman who was referred to Vali-Asr Hospital for the loss of consciousness. She had heache, vomiting and fever since two months ago. The lab tests showed positive wright in serum and CSF. The patient was recovered by the treatment of Brucellosis. The reason of rarity of Brucella meningitis, is probably that the disease which is endemic in Markazi province and an early diagnosis and treatment will prevent it from complications, especially menegitis. This case is reported because of its rarity.

Nurses Knowledge about Nosocomial Infections in Vali-asr and Amir Kabir Hospitals of Arak in the First Nine Months of 1378

Zohreh Anbari

The present research is a cross-sectional study on the nurses knowledge about nosocomial infections in Vali Asr and Amir Kabir hospitals of Arak in the first nine months of 1378. The purpose of this research was, to determine nurse knowledge about nosocomial infection and its relationship with nurse knowledge and individual specification. The nurses knowledge in Vali Asr and Amir Kabir hospitals were 32.6% and 44.2% as moderate and 67.4% and 55.8% as high level respectively. No low level of knowledge was observed. There is not correlation between knowledge of nurses and individual charactristics.

Introduction of 6 Patients With Pheochromocytoma in an 11 Person Family

Ali Fani

A brief history and the result: Mr V.M> who died at age of 63 because of cardiac attack and his wife doesn’t mention any symptoms of pheo such az hypertension , catecholamine release and so on. From the 7 girls, one died at age of 18 because of hypertension crisis and CVA. The second girl died during bilateral adrenalectomy .Three of them had extension to inferior vena cava. One boy died at age of 12 with clinical signs and symptoms of pheo. The second boy at age of 27 was healthy with no sign and symptom. All of the family were checked for MEN2 and no one had positive finding. On the basis of history, clinical and paraclinical results, it seems that they have familiar bilateral autosomal dominant pheo with high peneterance. The 24hrs urine collection for measuring VMA and free catecholamines was recommended for each patient. Two positive results of three tests are highly sensitive and suggestive to pheo diagnosis. We can use MIBG.1131, tolemerase En.s which is only secreted by tumoral cell as a specific tool for evalution of malignancy. Although pheo is considered as 0.1% of etiology of hypertension, it is a curable cause. Any young patient with labile hypertension, anxiety, palpitation, seating, weight loss must be considered and worked up for pheo.

Study on the Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Serum Iron TIBC on Rats

Heydar Farahani

As might be expected iron deficiency leads to anemia, and it is found around the world. Due to its need during the pregnancy, WHO paid attention to "childbearing health" in 1998. Absorbance of iron depends on gastric secretion and HCL for efficient absorption. In present research three groups of rats, which contain 15ones, with the same diet, sex, age and condition were selected. Diet of groups A and B contained 5g/kg and 10g/kg sodium bicarbonate respectively and the diet of group C as a control group was free of sodium bicarbonate. After 3 months, we used ether as the anesthesia and removed blood directly from the heart, serum were separated and Iron, TIBC measured. Also PH of gastric secretions was estimated, the mean of PH in group C(3), group a (3.8) and group B(3.8) was observed. Finally we found out that the levels of Iron and TIBC in group C were 72.5mg/dl and 35mg/dl, in group A 69.1mg/dl and 480.2mg/dl and in group B 52.8 and 309.9mg/dl respectively. On the basis of our results, we suggest that the using of sodium bicarbonate along diet effects on the absorption of Iron- which is due to the changes of gastric acidity comparing to control group.

Study of the Subcutaneous Saline Injection Times on Blood glucose Level in NMRI Mice

Hamidreza Momeni

In this research, factors such as animal handling, needle effect for saline injection and blood sampling from retro-orbital sinus, etc… were considered as stress-producing factors. Before percutaneous injection of the sterile saline for determination of the blood glucose base and at certain times after injection, serial blood samples were obtained from retro-orbital sinus and then the blood glucose was measured. The experiments showed that one-time injection of 10mg/kg saline caused a little hyperglycemia and two-time injection of saline at the interval of 90 minutes caused a significant hyperglycemic response in comparison to control group of the mice which received one-time injection of saline. The results of the studies indicate that stress-producing factors cause stimulation of sympathoadrenal and hypothalamus – hypophisis- adrenal axel and as a result it causes an increase in plasma catecolamines and cortisole and finally by different mechanisms causes hyperglycemia.