Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

A study about Predisposing Factors of Phelebitis in Hospitalized Children that Managed by Intravenous Fluid Therapy

Akram Bayati

Though intravenous injection prevents death of most patients, some of the patients are affected in its complication. The most usual important complication of intravenous fluid therapy is phelibitis , also in children the most important complication is phelibitis. The aim of this research is determination predisposing factors of phelebitis in children that managed by intravenous fluid therapy. This is an analytic and expressive research which its samples are hospitalized children who were in the pediatric hospital of Tehran university. In this research 440 patients were assigned in two groups consist of 220. One group were considered for changing the place of serum and the other group for changing the tube of serum. After getting the satisfaction sheet from parents, the injection performed by graguated nurses and the researcher has closely observed and completed the observation sheet. After collecting the data, the results were analyzed by 2 tests with P<0.05. The results stated that: there is a relation between the change of place and tube of serum, so by increasing period for changing the place of serum the phelibitis is occurancing ratio. Between the pt, s sex in two group and phelibitis wasn’t relation. There is relation between patients ages and complication in the both group, so in small children incidence of complication is higher. In the type of solution, volume of received liquid and place of serum with phelibitis in both groups is related with complication. There is no difference between the change of serum tube and place. In this study, same as other referencespatients, age, change of serum place and serum tube, duration of hospitalization, volume of received and the kind of serum is predisposing factors for phelibitis.

Establishment of Knowledge Level about the Ways of Transmission and Prevention of AIDS in 15-50-Year-Old People in Arak & Simnan

Ali Chehrei

Nowadays AIDS represents as a major problem in the world due to the lack of its cure, The best way to fight against AIDS is prevention and the way for prevention is to give health education to the people. The education proves fruitful only when it would be based on the realities of the society; and to reach this goal we have to collect the information present for the society for this purpose steps have been taken to investigate about the health information in the society. This research has been performed cross- sectionally. The data collection was based on the questionarre with multiple chocie questions (MCQ) and initially flowchart was drawn and marks were given according to the opinions of the teachers, also reliability and continuous validity was calculated in this pilot study. The sample size was composed of 1900 participants. The sampling was mulitistaged, where the first stage was stratified and the second was clustering. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. During the research the researchers acted upon the medical ethics. Among the cases taken into consideration 55/6% were males and 46.2% were females and the mode of age group ranged from 20 to 29 years. Also the ratio of married to unmarried was 36.2%, 63.8%. The highest marks obtained were 105 and the mean level of knowledge among the participants was 24.93(23.17-26.81). This information level did not differ too much among different groups. The unmarried cases had much more information than the married ones(p<0.0001, eta=0.49), but remarkable distinction (p<0.0001) was noted among different occupational groups. According to the results the people of Simnan & Arak held the low information level especially about the second and third levels of prevention. With respect to the wide spectrum of knowledge about prevention of AIDS in the society, the initial step is to intervence through general method telecommunication newspapers etc. and then, on the occupational basis divide them into smaller educational groups giving special education.

Bacteria and Viruses that Cause Respiratory Tract Infections during the Pilgrimage (Haj) season in Makkah , Saudi Arabia

Davood Hekmat Pou

This research has conducted to determine the incidence and type of RTI causing bacteria and viruses during a period of epidemic infections. A total of 395 sputum specimens and 761 throat swabs were collected during the 1991 and 1992 pilgrimage seasons (Haj to Makkah Al- Mukarama, Saudi Arabia) from patients referred to one hospital and three dispensaries with symptoms of repiratory tract infections. All 761 throat swabs of both Haj seasons were also screened for the presence of viral pathogens with monoclonal antibodies specific for 7 viruses known to cause repiratory infections. Bacterial pathogens were detected in 118 (29.9%) specimens. During the 1991 Haj season Haemophilus influenza was the most frequent bacterial pathogen detected (10%), followed by klebsiella pneumonia (5.2%), Streptococcus Pneumoniae (4.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.8%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (2.4%). In the 1992 Haj Season Klebsiella pneumona was predominant (15.1%), folloed by Haemophilus influenza and Streptocococcus pneumonia (12.3%) Screening of all sputum specimens for acid-fast bacteria showed that the overall incidence rate of tuberculosis was 1%. Cultures from the 761 throat swabs were largely negative for bacteria except for Streptococcus Pyogene isolated from 7 patients. Viruses were deyected in 148 (19.5%) specimens with influenza A and adenovirus being the most common viruses. The pattern of virus prevalence in the 1991 and 1992 pilgrimage seasons was identical: influenza A and adenovirus predominated. Thus these two viruses should be targeted in future prophylactic measures.

Investigation of Frequency of ORF Disease in Patients in the Skin Clinic of Vali-Asr Hospital from April 1998m to September 1999

Zabihollah Shahmoradi

The ORF disease is transmitted to human from animals such as sheep and goat. Most of the ORF lesions are solitary and appear on the fingers. At the beginning a red macule appears and after one week it is changed to 1-4cm hemorrhagic bullae and after 4-6 weeks complete remission occurs.
In this investigation from 16 patients who are differentiated from other patients, the following information about age, sex, profession, site, number of lesion, previous treatmet, remission period, scar and concomitant skin disease have been collected and the following results have been concluded:
Age distribution of disease has been between 25 to 60 years.

_Sexual distribution is 62.5% in females and 37.5% in male patients.
_Professional distribution is higher 56.25% among housekeepers.
_The most frequent site of involvement in patients was both fingers(75%) and solitary(62.5%)
_Most of the patients (81.25%) recovered without any scar and in 5 cases (31.25%) erythema multiform was seen with ORF.
_Eleven patients (68.75%) has been misdiagnposed and treated as slam tumor, or local infection.

A Study on Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Vali-Asr Hospital in the First Nine Months of 1378

Zohreh Anbari

The present research is a cross-sectional study which was done in Vali-Asr hospital in the b first nine months of 1378. The highest percent of infection was observed in surgery ICU with 34.6% (p<0.05) and the infection rate was higher in the women than the men. Staphilococcus Areus, with 41.1% incidence, has been the most common microorganism. In fact gram positive bacteria are the cause of nosocomial infections.

A Case of Compound Pregnancy

Esmat Mashhadi

Ectopic pregnancy is the second cause of maternal mortality and also the most common cause of pregnant women mortality during the first trimester. In recent years, the rate of ectopic pregnancy has been increased but incidence of compound pregnancy is about 1/3000 of the whole pregnancies. In this article a case of compound pregnancy in a 33 year-old woman who been operated in Taleghani hospital is reported.

Effect of Diazepam on Postoperative Shivering in Orthopedic Patients in Arak Vali-Asr Hospital of Arak

Esmaeil Moshiri

In a double bilnd randomized clinical trial, we studied the effect of diazepam in reducing of postoperative shivering in orthopedic patients in two groups: each group 50 patients .one group case and another control. Both group received fentanyl 1.5 mic/kg before induction of anesthesia. Patients in both group induced with nesdonal 5 mg/kg and the flaxedil the with hallotane 1.5% and oxygen 50% and N2050%. Ten minutes before end of operation we injected 2cc (10 mg) Diazepam into the case group and 2cc normal saline into the control group. After the injection, the shivering was observed, and recorded in questionnaire in 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes. On the basis of our results patients who have received Diazepam had less shivering than who received normal saline (p value , 0.005), so Diazepam can diminish postoperative shivering.

A Research on Risk Factors such as Age and Sex in Asthmatic Patients in the Clinic of Vali-Asr hospital

Latif Moeini

Our study was a descriptive observational and cross sectional research. We studied those asthmatic patients whom referred to Arak Vali-Asr teaching center O.P section during six months from 75/5/1 to 75/8/1 and 75/12/1 to 76/3/1. The number of our patients were around 150. Age of patients: The most age groups are 70-61 years old and 60-51 years old. Sex: 84 men (56%) and 66 women(44%). Residence: 119 urban (79.4%) and 31 rural (20.6%). Age of first attack: maximum number of the Asthmatic patients are between 31-40 years old and minimum are between 11-20 years old (15.3%). Average time of asthmatic attack: The maximum number of asthmatic attacks once per month (32.6%) and minimum once to many times per day(2%). Admition history: -109 patient (72.6%) m admitted for asthma. Time of attack: night (70.6%), day (10.6%) and day and night together (18.6%). Chief complains: dyspnea(72%), wheezing (19.3%), cough (8.6%). The other complains included: cough, wheezing, white color sputum, breathlessness, fever, green color sputum. Risk factors: Allergy: seasonal (92.7%), history of personal allergy (86%), family history of allergy (58.6%), family history of asthma(54%). Drugs: Allergy to asprin and NSAIDE (6%), blocker (2%0).

The Importance of Knowing the Sodium- Potassium Pump Physiology in Recent Improvements of Heart Failure Treatment

Hamidreza Mohajerani

Sodium, potassium pump is a plasma membrane enzyme. It is almost in all of the animal cells. Because of this ubiquitous distribution and situation of this pump as a digitalis receptor, cardiac glycosides can effect not only myocardial function, but also many of the cell processes in other tissues. This matter evoke the question of how cardiac glycosides have selective function without disturbance of function of the other body cells? A part of the answer of this question is relate to diversity of digitalis receptor in molecular level . Therefore a clear definition of relative selectivity of the cardiac glycosides is the presence of difference isoforms of sodium pump with low affinity. If the drug dose increases, side effects will appear. Therefore the final aim might be the design of drugs that only affect on isoform of the heart.