Introduction
The occupational environment, the type of work overload or underload, physical risks, how individuals adapt to the workplace, and face the family - work constitute the sources of stress or occupational distress. Job stress emerges as the duties and tasks assigned to people are more than their abilities. This condition affects the health of individuals (physical and mental) and the type of employee relationships with their jobs and organization. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress management training and work ethics of employees.
Methods & Materials
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress management training and work ethics of employees. This research was an applied study in terms of purpose, a mixed exploratory (qualitative and quantitative) study in terms of data, a content  analysis (qualitative stage) and  cross-sectional survey (quantitative stage) in term of conduct. The study population in the qualitative section comprised experts (Experts in Psychology, Educational Management, and Social Medicine) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the qualitative section, the study population included experts and managers who had received stress management training. Sample size and sampling method in qualitative part was based on the principle of theoretical saturation, resulting in 12 people using purposive sampling method. In the quantitative part, the sampling was based on the Cochran’s formula, resulting in 220 people who were selected using cluster sampling method. To collect data in the qualitative section, we used semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire on stress management training. In the quantitative part, we used the standard professional work ethics questionnaire of Armito et al. (2011). In the qualitative section, we used the content analysis of the interviews to analyze the data. In this regard, we used the coding method (open, axial, and selective coding), confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equations. Then, we employed multivariate regression analysis to determine the relationship between the coping styles with stress and work ethics. The results showed that to deal with stressful situations, three basic strategies of event-focused coping, anxiety-focused coping, and avoidance-focused coping strategies can be used for stress management training models. Overall, the components presented for coping with stressful conditions have the necessary and appropriate validities. All three main coping strategies (event-focused, anxiety-focused, and refusal-focused) are suitable for explaining and fitting. So, they all are reliable and confirmed in the current research questionnaire of coping with stress. 
Results
Because the research is of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative), data analysis consists of two parts: qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The qualitative data analysis was preformed using conventional exploratory content analysis in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The quantitative data analysis, the appropriate statistical tests were used to examine and evaluate the research questions. At first, factor analysis technique was used to determine the status of the basic components of research and to assess their validity. Then, the relationship between research variables was examined using multivariate regression analysis technique.
Discussion
Strategies for coping with stressful situations have a different effect on people’s professional work ethics so that the event-focused coping strategy has a significant positive relationship with professional ethics. The effect of event-focused coping strategy on professional work ethics is incremental. On the other hand, the anxiety-focused and avoidance-focused coping strategies have negative and decreasing relationship with professional ethics. The more emphasis on the event-focused coping strategy, the more would be the professional ethics of individuals and the more emphasis on the anxiety-focused and avoidance-focused coping strategies, the less would be the professional ethics of individuals.


Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This research was submitted to the ethics committee with the ethics code IR.IAU.TNB.REC.1400.121 and registered in the system. Also, ethical considerations have been observed in this research: 
- Observing the interviewees' right to anonymity, questionnaires and using codes instead of people's names;
- Explaining the goals and steps of conducting the study before submitting the questionnaire;
- Keeping the participants' information confidential and assuring them about the confidentiality of the information;
- Presenting research results to participants upon their request;
- Voluntary and optional participation in the research;
- Permission to record interviews;
- Not manipulating data;
- Compliance with trust in the use of resources.

Funding
This article is taken from the doctoral thesis of Nasrin Asadi, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch, entitled "Presenting a model of stress management training and its relationship with self-efficacy and work ethic of employees" with the code 162325800 and no financial support It has not received from public, private and non-profit organizations.
Authors' contributions
All authors contributed equally in preparing all parts of the research.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements
The cooperation of the experts and experts of the faculty members in the fields of educational management, psychology and social medicine specialists and the employees of the universities of medical sciences and health services in Mazandaran, Zanjan, Qazvin and the employees of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education in the implementation of this research is appreciated and thanked.


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